Proper layering helps you make the most of your cold weather clothing and prevents dangerous exposure. By helping maintain your core body heat, this strategy is great for not only cold weather months, but also working indoors without heat or in a cold storage facility. A good rule of thumb is to use three layers: an inner layer for wicking moisture away from your body, a middle layer to insulate you from the cold, and an outer layer that acts as a barrier between you and the elements.

Layering for Core Warmth

Staying dry helps you keep warm. For the base layer, choose a garment made from wool, silk, or synthetic fibers to allow moisture to evaporate freely. Please note that cotton has a tendency to trap moisture and become soggy, rapidly increasing the danger of the cold. 

The middle layer is meant to trap air close to your body and keep it warm. Synthetic fleeces, wool, and goose down are great insulators and can usually be found in different weights to suit your needs. 

The outer layer protects you from wind, rain, and general winter weather. It’s crucial to reducing risk because when your inner layers get wet, they become magnets for cold and cause your body temperature to drop. Your outer layer also protects you against air temperature and frostbite risk. Not only will a quality outer layer keep you dry, but it will also help protect you from icy winds. Remember, the faster the wind blows, the colder the temperature feels, making a 30º day feel like 0º. 

Layering Head to Toe

Layering your clothing applies to more than shirts and jackets. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), frostbite most often affects the nose, cheeks, chin, fingers, and toes. These areas of the body require protection, as it’s possible they will become painfully cold and may suffer nerve damage if left exposed.

• Frosty air is especially hard on ears and noses. Wear neck gaiters, hard hat liners, face masks, and hats to prevent cold stress. 
• Protect the chin with a neck gaiter or scarf.
• Prevent frostbite to the fingers by choosing gloves that are both insulated and waterproof. You can also enhance warmth with glove liners. 
• When protecting feet in cold weather, a layering strategy is effective. Wear moisture-wicking socks, but be careful to choose socks that won’t chafe or cause blisters. Select boots that are well-insulated and waterproof.

Working in cold temperatures impacts comfort and productivity. A small time investment will pay off throughout your day as you stay warm, healthy, and protected.