A tornado is one of the most destructive weather events and requires a comprehensive and efficient system of alerts and shelters to keep people safe. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recorded 1,341 tornadoes in 2022, causing $700 million in property and crop damage. To warn people about tornadoes, the National Weather Service (NWS), has implemented a three-stage alert system to represent the probability and severity of these catastrophic storms. Understanding this system can help you stay safe in the event of a tornado.

• Tornado Watch: This alert indicates that the right weather conditions exist for tornadoes to form. It covers the largest area, spanning multiple counties or even states. When a Tornado Watch is declared, it’s a good idea to take steps to prepare.

          o Be ready to act quickly if a Watch is issued or a tornado is approaching

          o Pay attention to monitoring systems so that you’ll know when the alert level changes. Know your local notification systems

          o Review emergency plans and discuss them with anyone you live with or may evacuate with

          o Take inventory of supplies

          o Make sure you know your safe room or other safe location

• Tornado Warning: A tornado has been spotted or detected by weather radar. This alert will cover a smaller area, typically covering a city or small county. It will be issued by a local forecast office based on radar indications or the observations of a trained spotter watching the storm. Most actions at this point will likely involve finding shelter or bracing yourself in your existing shelter.

          o If outdoors, in a vehicle, or in a mobile home, move to the closest shelter location, whether it’s your own home or the nearest sturdy building

          o Avoid windows. If outdoors, be sure to protect yourself from flying debris while finding shelter

          o The interior or windowless room on the lowest floor of a sturdy building is usually the safest spot. Storm cellars and basements are also options

• Tornado Emergency: This is the most urgent alert, occurring when a tornado was touched down in the watch area. At this point, the tornado is presently causing damage and is a severe threat to human life and property.

          o Many workplaces, schools, and other facilities will have tornado drills in place. Proceed quickly and calmly to your tornado shelter location.

          o Vehicles are not safe. If you are in your vehicle and unable to make it to a shelter, abandon your car and seek shelter in a low-lying area like a ditch or ravine.